Menopause is associated with a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (DMT2). Insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension are interdependent factors associated with menopause. The increase in the systemic inflammation is the common denominator of MetS.
The purposes of this review are:
1) to clarify how the natural cessation of ovarian function, which is characterized by the decline of female sexual hormones and the relative increase of androgens, could explain the relationship between MetS, increase of the inflammatory indexes and menopause;
2) to understand how surgical menopause could influence the onset of MetS;
3) to highlight the role of hormone replacement therapy.
The purposes of this review are:
1) to clarify how the natural cessation of ovarian function, which is characterized by the decline of female sexual hormones and the relative increase of androgens, could explain the relationship between MetS, increase of the inflammatory indexes and menopause;
2) to understand how surgical menopause could influence the onset of MetS;
3) to highlight the role of hormone replacement therapy.